I can send you a photo if you want.. Please give me the chapter details like Chapter Name, Heading, Subheading etc. Duars is region of northeastern India, at the foot of the east-central Himalayas.
The name Duars is derived from the several passes that lead from the region into the Lesser Himalayas [i. From Terai to the foothills of Lesser Himalayas]. Shiwalik Hills were formed by the accumulation of conglomerates sand, stone, silt, gravel, debris etc. Sir, I want to purchase the information that is discussed in the Indian geography portion. Please sir tell me how can I purchase these??? Add Comment. Post Comment. If we bring out the Updated New Editions of the Static Files within your membership period , you will be able to download them without paying anything extra.
Once the payment is made, you need to log in to the Downloads Page to download the files check your email for the login details. Subscribe to our newsletter and never miss an important update! Major Physical Divisions of India The Himalayas young fold mountains , Indo-Gangetic Plain monotonous topography — featureless topography , The Peninsular Plateau one of the most stable landmasses; one of the oldest plateaus of the world , Coastal Plains Sediments due to fluvial action.
It is the oldest and the most stable landmass of India. It is the youngest and highly unstable landmass of India. Most youthful, monotonous [lack of change or variety] region prone to tectonic forces. Formed due to consolidation of sediments brought by rivers fluvial deposits. Highly stable just like peninsular plateau.
Lakshadweep [Hotspot] are group of atolls occupied by coral reefs. No significant volcanism or tectonic activity in recent past. Highly vulnerable to sea-level rise. Andaman and Nicobar islands — Continuation of Arakan Yoma. Has active volcanoes and is tectonically active. Himalayan Ranges Series of several parallel or converging ranges. The ranges are separated by deep valleys creating a highly dissected topography [ of a plateau or upland divided by a number of deep valleys].
The southern slopes have steep gradients and northern slopes have comparatively gentler slopes. But China puts restrictions so climbers take the steeper southern slopes from Nepal] Most of the Himalayan ranges fall in India, Nepal and Bhutan. The northern slopes are partly situated in Tibet trans-Himalayas while the western extremity lies in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia.
Himalayas between Tibet and Ganga Plain is a succession of three parallel ranges. Shiwalik Range Also known as Outer Himalayas. Located in between the Great Plains and Lesser Himalayas. The altitude varies from to metres. Runs for a distance of 2, km from the Potwar Plateau to the Brahmaputra valley. The southern slopes are steep while the northern slopes are gentle. The width of the Shiwaliks varies from 50 km in Himachal Pradesh to less than 15 km in Arunachal Pradesh.
They are almost unbroken chain of low hills except for a gap of km which is occupied by the valley of the Tista River and Raidak River. Shiwalik range from North-East India up to Nepal are covered with thick forests but the forest cover decreases towards west from Nepal The quantum of rainfall decreases from east to west in Shiwaliks and Ganga Plains.
The southern slopes of Shiwalik range in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh are almost devoid of forest cover. These slopes are highly dissected by seasonal streams called Chos. Valleys are part of synclines and hills are part of anticlines or antisynclines. Formation Formation of Himalayas already explained Shiwaliks were formed last of all the ranges million years ago.
The Shiwaliks are consolidated sands, gravels and conglomerate deposits [Alluvial fans] which were brought by the rivers flowing from the higher ranges. These deposits were folded and hardened due to compression offered by the northward movement of Indian plate.
These conglomerates, in the initial stages of deposition, obstructed the courses of the rivers draining from the higher reaches of the Himalayas and formed temporary lakes. With passage of time, these temporary lakes accumulated more and more conglomerates. The conglomerates were well settled at the bottom of the lakes. Runs almost parallel to both the ranges.
It is also called the Himachal or Lower Himalaya. Lower Himalayan ranges are km wide and about km in length. Elevations vary from 3, to 4, m above sea level. Many peaks are more than 5, m above sea level and are snow covered throughout the year.
Lower Himalaya s have steep, bare southern slopes [steep slopes prevents soil formation] and more gentle, forest covered northern slopes. The Middle Himalayan ranges are more friendly to human contact. It extends from the Jhelum river to the upper Beas river for over km. It rises to 5, metres and contains mostly volcanic rocks.
The Kishanganga , the Jhelum and the Chenab cut through the range. It is a strike valley and extends from the foot of the Dhaola Dhar Range to the south of Beas. The general elevation falls westwards. Elevation here is much lesser than that of the Nepal Himalayas.
The southern slopes are very steep but the northern slopes are gentle. The Lesser Himalayas are very narrow and are very close to the Great Himalayas.
Western Himalayas Between the Indus in the west and the Kali river in the east km. The Ladakh plateau and the Kashmir valley are two important areas of the Kashmir Himalayan region. The southern slopes are rugged, steep and forested while the northern slopes are bare, gentle and show plains with lakes.
The Shiwalik in this region runs south of the Mussoori range between the Ganga and the Yamuna rivers. Central Himalayas km between river Kali in the west and river Tista in the east.
The Great Himalaya range attains maximum height in this portion. Some of the world famous peaks Mt. The Lesser Himalaya is known as Mahabharat Lekh in this region. The range is crossed by rivers like Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi, etc. In between the Great and the Lesser Himalayas, there are Kathmandu and Pokhra lacustrine valleys previously, they were lakes.
The Shiwalik range come very close to the lesser Himalaya towards the east and is almost non-existent beyond Narayani Gandak. Eastern Himalayas This part of the Himalayas lies between the Tista river in the west and the Brahmaputra river in the east and stretches for a distance of about km. The Assam Himalayas show a marked dominance of fluvial erosion due to heavy rainfall.
The extension of the Purvanchal Himalaya continues southwards upto Andaman and Nicobar Islands through the Myanmar range Arakan Yoma and even upto the Indonesian archipelago. In the eastern section the Himalayas rise abruptly from the plains of Bengal and Oudh and suddenly attain great elevations within a short distance from the foot of the mountains. Thus the peaks of Kanchenjunga and Everest are only a few kilometres from the plains and are clearly visible from there.
In contrast, the western Himalayas rise gradually from the plains through a series of ranges.
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