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Alexander, S. Coffin et al. View at: Publisher Site Google Scholar. More related articles. Download other formats More. Related articles. The potentially substantial health, social, and economic impact of SARS-CoV requires a swift and bold response that is appropriate to the situation yet minimizes unnecessary disruptions and respects human dignity.
Basic and Enhanced Response Elements The foundation of the proposed approach is a set of fundamental elements on which communities might base their preparedness and response activities. Coordination and Consistency Although jurisdictions will need to adjust the types and level of response measures to local conditions and resources, they will also need to coordinate with adjacent jurisdictions to ensure consistency among responses and minimize confusion or mistrust that may derive from inexplicable differences in outbreak control strategies.
Related Pages. Executive Summary I. Introduction II. Related Links. How does SARS spread? SARS is spread primarily by close person-to-person contact. Examples of close contact include kissing or hugging, sharing eating or drinking utensils, talking to someone within 3 feet, and touching someone directly. Close contact does not include activities like walking by a person or sitting across a waiting room or office for a brief time.
The virus that causes SARS is transmitted by the spread of respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. When a person coughs or sneezes, small amounts of fluid are propelled for about 3 feet through the air and land on the mouth, nose or eyes of persons who are near by. The virus also can spread when a person touches a surface or object contaminated with these infectious droplets and then touches his or her mouth, nose, or eyes.
It is possible that the SARS virus might spread more broadly through the air airborne spread or by other ways that are not now known. How is SARS diagnosed? How do we protect ourselves from SARS?
In caring for a SARS patient at home strict infection control precautions should be followed. All persons in the household should carefully wash their hands frequently with soap or alcohol hand sanitizers, this should always be done after touching body fluids. Gloves can be used for direct contact with the patient or body fluids but should not replace hand washing. The primary way that SARS appears to spread is by close person-to-person contact.
SARS-CoV is thought to be transmitted most readily by respiratory droplets droplet spread produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Droplet spread can happen when droplets from the cough or sneeze of an infected person are propelled a short distance generally up to 3 feet through the air and deposited on the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or eyes of persons who are nearby. The virus also can spread when a person touches a surface or object contaminated with infectious droplets and then touches his or her mouth, nose, or eye s.
In addition, it is possible that SARS-CoV might be spread more broadly through the air airborne spread or by other ways that are not now known. Examples include kissing or embracing, sharing eating or drinking utensils, close conversation within 3 feet , physical examination, and any other direct physical contact between people. Close contact does not include activities such as walking by a person or briefly sitting across a waiting room or office.
In a very small proportion of cases, incubation periods of up to 14 days have been reported. Available information suggests that persons with SARS are most likely to be contagious only when they have symptoms, such as fever or cough.
Patients are most contagious during the second week of illness. However, as a precaution against spreading the disease, CDC recommends that persons with SARS limit their interactions outside the home for example, by not going to work or to school until 10 days after their fever has gone away and their respiratory breathing symptoms have gotten better.
CDC recommends that patients with SARS receive the same treatment that would be used for a patient with any serious community-acquired atypical pneumonia. SARS-CoV is being tested against various antiviral drugs to see if an effective treatment can be found. If transmission of SARS-CoV recurs, there are some common-sense precautions that you can take that apply to many infectious diseases.
The most important is frequent hand washing with soap and water or use of an alcohol-based hand rub. You should also avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unclean hands and encourage people around you to cover their nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing or sneezing.
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